Pif preparation was guided by existing policies and strategies of the government of ethiopia. Ethiopian agricultural research organization earo and international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt. Food insecurity and malnutrition present key policy challenges in ethiopia. Food security situation in ethiopia deteriorated by intraandinterstate military conflict and war, different studies indicated that ethioeritrea war and recurrent drought eroded the country resources which become the main causes of food security problems during 19992000, pastoralist community in the country come into the conflict due to the control over the pasture and water resources. Jangerrit van uffelen 143 implementing large scale food security programs in rural ethiopia.
Global food security strategy gfss ethiopia country plan. Ethiopia, food insecurity, rural development, rural poverty. Nov 27, 2019 ethiopian indigenous food handling, processing, and preservation techniques are simple to operate and low cost and could be a basis for small. Ethiopias agriculture sector policy and investment framework. Food security is defined, according to the world food summit of 1996, as existing when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. At individual level, the proportion of food insecure persons stood at 25. Ethiopia ipc acute food insecurity analysis july 2020. Food insecurity of rural households in boset district of ethiopia. The psnp is ethiopia s flagship rural food security program, operational since 2005. Ethiopia has relative political stability in horn of africa, however several areas are insecure.
At its most fundamental core, there is no better single indicator of resilience. Ethiopia has doubled its maize productivity and production in less than two decades. The concept of food security in particular is a more recent development and the bulk of the literature dates from the 1980s. Recent study of food security in southwest ethiopia shows that girls who are food insecure are twice as likely to report suffering from an illness compared to boys tefera, et al. Gender, agricultural development and food security in. Food insecurity in ethiopia institute of development studies. The root causes of food insecurity in ethiopia include structural factors such as degradation of the. Consequently, somalia has become safe haven for the proliferation of internal and external terrorist groups. In 2009, the world summit on food security recognized the challenges climate change presents to food security and request support to adaptation and mitigation efforts in agriculture, as well as efforts to increase the resilience to climate change, with particular attention to small agricultural producers and vulnerable populations. Household calorie acquisition was analyzed to measure the status of. The development objective was to sustainably increase rural incomes and national food security.
Sep 09, 2020 food security analysis for rural population dependent on belg pastoral and agro pastoral areas conducted in seven regions of ethiopia indicates that, despite ongoing humanitarian food assistance. Impact of agricultural interventions on food and nutrition. Any such analysis is inherently complex given that it is difficult to isolate the impacts of climate trends on socioeconomic issues, particularly food and nutrition security. Oct 10, 2005 this study develops a recursive household food security model within the framework of consumer demand and production theories following singh et al. The drought, which has predominantly affected the south and south eastern pastoral regions of somali, oromiya and snnp regions, has led to widespread livestock deaths. Pdf food insecurity in ethiopia feyera bekele academia.
That means that in a given year, almost 1 in 10 ethiopians will struggle to have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for. Food insecurity in ethiopia derives directly from dependence on undiversified livelihoods based on lowinput, lowoutput rainfed agriculture. Causes and coping mechanisms of food insecurity in rural ethiopia. Impact of agricultural interventions on food and nutrition security in ethiopia. Resilience and livelihoods change in tigray, ethiopia. In terms of prevalence of acute food insecurity, the highest shares were found in south sudan, where 61 percent of the analysed population was in crisis or worse ipc phase 3 or above, followed by ethiopia 27 percent, kenya. In ethiopia, minimizing food insecurity is closely relating with the elimination and reduction of poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. Household food insecurity in the sidama zone of southern ethiopia.
Gender, agricultural development and food security in amhara, ethiopia. Food security, in ethiopian context, is an entitlement or access to balanced food basket of 550 to 800 kg wheat equivalent per capita per year, or 2,200 to 2500 kcal per day or cash equivalent of that fdre, 1996. End hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Agriculture is the basic economic sector in which the. Livelihood strategies, capital assets, and food security. Pdf assessment of food security situation in ethiopia. A nonparametric analysis of householdlevel food insecurity and its determinant factors. Determinants of food insecurity in the rural farm households in south. Cbepr17703 a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of master of science degree in economics under the guidance of. The concept of food security has been developing since early 1970s.
Determinants of household food security in rural ethiopia. Discussions about causes of food insecurity in ethiopia have always been complex webb et al. Review of literature on ethiopian food security strategy and. Case study, rural areas of tigray region, ethiopia by eyob bekele juhar id. Food security and famine are at opposite extremes of a spectrum timmer 2000. To identify food security and livelihoods problems, constraints, strategies and coping mechanisms among different social and economic groups to do an indepth analysis of the major factors to food and livelihoods insecurity in addis ababa in order to inform policy and program design as well as intervention. By fayera bakala college of agriculture and natural resources, mizantepi university, ethiopia email.
Rural household food security status and its determinants. Uncovering pathways linking agriculture to improved nutrition. This section provides a brief overview of the current food security and nutrition context in which usg investments are being made. Recently the food security situation reported by indicated that, a humanitarian requirement of the government of federal democratic republic of ethiopia has identified 5. Building resilience is multifaceted with food security and nutrition a key structural foundation. Therefore, this indicates that policies, rules, and regulations made by the ruling party play a great role in bringing food security. Determinants of food insecurity in the rural farm households. Pdf state of household food insecurity in ethiopia. Governing food and nutrition security in foodimporting and.
According to these studies, ownership of livestock, farmland size, family labor, farm implements, employment opportunities, market access, levels of technology application, and levels of education, health, weather conditions, crop. Two measures of household food security a selfreported food security status and a multidimensional index generated based on principal components. Understanding climate as a driver of food insecurity in ethiopia. May 28, 2019 food security situation in ethiopia is highly linked up to severe, recurring food shortage and famine, which is associated with recurrent drought. Global food security strategy gfss ethiopia country plan usaid. Despite rapid population growth, ethiopia s poverty rate fell from 56 percent in 2000 to close to 30 percent. Good governance, at all levels, is central to growth, poverty alleviation, and food security monsod, 2002. For the purpose of this paper, state security organizations include the military, police federal and state, and the intelligence services. In 2004, the government of ethiopia designed and implemented new collusion program of food security program fsp and expanded its endeavor to fight against. The yield, currently estimated at 3 metric tonsha, is. Food security status of sampled households in this study, the households food security status was measured by direct survey of total wealth.
Now in its fourth phase psnp 4, the psnp is a food security program targeting food insecure households in rural ethiopia. Ethiopia has made significant progress on food security and nutrition although challenges remain. Food security is ensured when people live without threat of starvation and hunger majumder et. State security in ethiopia power, politics and security in. Ethiopia ipc acute food insecurity analysis july 2020 june. Food security refers to access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life world bank 1986. In ethiopia, usaids food for peace resources support theproductive safety net programme psnp, and complement the financial resources provided by ten other donors. Despite several efforts made so far to improve the overall food insecurity situation, the challenge is still a major problem in ethiopia since a long. Particularly in the aftermath of major regional food security crises in the greater horn of africa and the sahel in 2011 and 2012, humanitarian and development communities alike have focused on the need to improve the resilience of affected communities, but resilience is hardly a new concept. Food security strategy fdre, 1996 reports that as the ethiopian population grew from.
The study concluded that smallscale irrigation is one of the viable solutions to secure household food needs and diversify their diet composition in the study area. The paper examines determinants of household food security among rural households in the ada berga district in central ethiopia. Determinants of rural household food security and coping up. Household food insecurity and coping strategies among pensioners. The deteriorating situation of food security in ethiopia is caused by population pressure, drought, shortage of farmland, lack of oxen. Pdf this study investigates the underlying problems causing food insecurity in ethiopia and tests, policy options that could alleviate the problem in. Minimizing food insecurity involves more than just increasing agricultural production crop and livestock production 1. Food security policy contextthe government of ethiopia made significant changes to its existing food security program, scaling up its level of intervention toward food security problems.
Moreover, there are underutilized indigenous crops in the country that can be commercially produced and compliment food and nutrition security efforts of the country. Determinants of households food security and coping. Ethiopias food reserve policies and practice world trade institute. The contested identity of women farmers in ethiopia by emily frank usaid ethiopia october 1999 usaid contract 6630510360031 usaid project 6630510. Cci is an intervention which is designed to create. Jul 26, 2015 maize became increasingly important in the food security of ethiopia following the major drought and famine that occurred in 1984. In addition, 129 million people in 32 african countries were in stressed situations with regards to food security. Determinants of food security in rural farm households in. In the context of ethiopia, in particular, the geography and topography, as well as the complexity of the livelihood systems add layers of complexity. This is so because of the low technological base of agriculture, limited rural infrastructure and offfarm employment compounded by neglect and inappropriate policies over many years. Furthermore, somalia, ethiopia, kenya, and south sudan are also affected by armed. Nov 27, 2018 issue of intrahousehold food security 1. International donors have proposed to address food security in ethiopia by pursuingsupporting activities that work to achieve the following. Women and girls suffer the most from food insecurity in ethiopia.
Since 1950, 12 major droughtinduced food security crises have occurred, highlighting the. State of food security in ethiopia approximately 20. Participation in the psnp offsets virtually all of this adverse change. Records shows that before the past 2 3 decades in a worst years millions of people in. Food security analysis for rural population dependent on belg pastoral and agro pastoral areas conducted in seven regions of ethiopia indicates that, despite ongoing humanitarian food assistance. The food security situation in ethiopia deteriorated sharply in 2017.
The proportion of food poor people food poverty head count index in the country is estimated to be 33. An already bleak food security picture will be compounded as the the covid19. In contrast age of household head and dependency ratio has negatively and significantly affected household food security. Ethiopia is currently facing new challenges related to food insecurity among the. Food security and vulnerability analysis at household level. According to united nations, food security means that all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their food preferences and dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
However, it seems quite challenging in view of the impact of climate change on agriculture, to achieve the goal. The science, sociology and economics of food production and access to food, springer. International food policy research institute, addis ababa, ethiopia. Determinants of food security in southern ethiopia at the. The goal of pif was to contribute to ethiopia s achievement of middleincome status by 2025. Feb 03, 2017 food security is a dynamic concept, which has continuously integrated new dimensions and levels of analysis over the years. In order to fulfill these goals in ethiopia, in 2007 the united nations development programme undp developed the food security and recovery project, which is intended to run from january 2007 to december 2011 and to contribute to the achievement of food security in the country including disaster risk management and early recovery capacities. This paper examined the determinants of food security among rural households in ethiopia using data from the latest round of ethiopian rural household survey.
Overview of major agricultural and food security programs in ethiopia. Gender, agricultural development and food security in amhara. Jan 31, 2014 ethiopia is one of many african countries deeply affected by food insecurityestimates of the portion of ethiopia s population without secure access to food exceeds 3 million in some seasons. However, drought risk remains one of the key drivers of food insecurity in ethiopia. Ethiopia comprehensive food security and vulnerability. More than 9 million smallholder households, more than for any other crop in the country, grow maize in ethiopia at present. The impact of covid19 on food security and nutrition. Food and nutrition security is a central building block of the resilience strategy adopted by the three agencies in ethiopia. Food insecurity in ethiopia fao food and agriculture. This study was conducted to identify major factors influencing farm household food security and coping strategies employed to cope with food shortfall. In 2003, the government launched a large scale consultation process called the new coalition for food security ncfs by incorporating with a large productive. Better understanding of major determinants of food security at household level is important to design appropriate interventions in order to ensure food security for food insecure households in ethiopia.
Dec 19, 2017 new coalition for food security was established in 2003 with the aim of supporting chronically food insecure households to reach a level of food security necessary to survive and thrive. The international society for plant pathology, vol. Proceedings of the second national maize workshop of ethiopia, 1216 november 2001, addis ababa, ethiopia. Underlying vulnerability is also high, with some four million people. The estimated food insecure population increased from 5. Ethiopias food security strategy highlights the governments plans to address the causes and effects of food insecurity in ethiopia. Today, ethiopia faces high levels of food insecurity, ranking as one of the hungriest countries in the world, with an estimated 5.
Most beneficiaries are employed in laborintensive public works for six months per year with a small fraction of beneficiaries approximately 15 percent receiving unconditional payments berhane. However, unless the food system in ethiopia undergoes transformational adaptation, food insecurity crises will continue to occur, and the opportunity to achieve zero hunger by 2030 will be missed. Markos 1997 given that multiple factors affect food security. The main causes of food insecurity in ethiopia are prolonged drought. Causes and coping mechanisms of food insecurity in rural. Climate change and food insecurity one of the sustainable development goals contains the following. Review of literature on ethiopian food security strategy. Assessment and challenges dessalegn rahmato 109 from disaster response to predictable food security interventions. State security in ethiopia power, politics and security. These are the technology used, farming systems, farm. Box 260, mizan teferi, ethiopia introduction the term food insecurity is defined as lack of capability or access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food by all people to meet their dietary needs and preferences for an active and.
Examining absence of food security is the simplest way to perceive it rooyen and sigwele 1998. In ethiopia, prolonged drought, fall armyworms, and insecurity are driving a deteriorating food security situation. On average, maleheaded households were more food secure than female headed. When we look into the evolution of food security, the initial concerns in the 1970s focused on the global. Assessment of food insecurity and its determinants in the. Jun 10, 2020 his article examines the food security situation in ethiopia during the covid19 pandemic and attempts to glimpse into the future. Review on contribution of indigenous food preparation and. Analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods. Household food insecurity in the sidama zone of southern. A program and reporting specialist, kara jenkinson has deployed to the united nations food and agriculture organization fao, which is focused on food security.
Mekelle university college of business and economics. Ethiopias agriculture sector policy and investment. Income diversification and food security situation in. Faos ethiopia country office is at the forefront of tackling threats facing agriculture, which supports the livelihoods of up to 85% of the population. Currently, there is a growing consensus that food insecurity and poverty problems are closely related in the ethiopian context.
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